Last week I talked about hiring professional apprenticeship designers for your next training initiative. In my previous contribution on teaching design, I dealt with the philosophy and disciplines that influence learning theory. Today I would like to explain to you how the process of designing teaching systems works. [Sources: 10, 13]
A growing trend began with the introduction of models based on theory and research, and many theorists of teaching concepts began to adopt information processing – based approaches. This gradually led to the development of a variety of approaches to the design of teaching systems, such as the theory-research approach. I have demonstrated this in the military, when a considerable amount of training materials for the military were developed based on the principles of instruction, learning and human behavior. [Sources: 5, 9]
When examining different instructional systems, it becomes clear how fundamental this process is, both in traditional training and in learning knowledge: selecting only the information needed and looking for creative solutions to achieve the desired goals. I urge the instructional designers to follow the manual’s approach to training – approximation to systems, but the actual sequence of events can be changed if necessary. The educational design should only be finished when it is obvious that the target group can learn what they need to know and do based on the delivery method and materials chosen. [Sources: 2, 6, 7]
Another important consideration that is fundamental in deciding which teaching model to use is learning theory. Systematic teaching design is not only related to the emergence of new media, but also to their use in traditional education and learning experience. The concept of ISD is not only applicable to new media such as video, audio and digital media, but is also relevant to the development of teaching systems for traditional learning that utilize a systematic process based on well-established theories and models. It is called “Systematic Instructions Design” and is one of the most important aspects of educational design, both in teaching and in learning knowledge. In the case of traditional education, the “ISD” process is involved in many different ways, from the introduction of a new teaching method to the use of different materials to a variety of learning experiences. [Sources: 1, 11, 12]
However, to work with this, Instructional Systems Design needs an environment with a flexible process and fast feedback, otherwise it is advisable to use a linear model such as the ADDIE. The “ADDIE” model is an iterative process for teaching design, which means that the designer can evaluate and revise the project elements at any stage as needed. The design phase begins with the decision on which components of the MoL will be included in the formal learning solution and organizes the remaining components into courses, modules and lessons that form the Model of Learning (MoL). [Sources: 0, 5, 6]
Sweller and Chandler (1994) also provide important insights for designers in analyzing the intrinsic and external elements of teaching design to support greater learning effectiveness. In times of agile learning, curriculum planners should be aware of the importance of feedback and feedback from students, teachers, parents and other stakeholders. While it is welcome to report on technologies used in teaching development, empirically based design evaluations and theoretically based teaching concepts are also welcome. [Sources: 1, 4, 11]
When using Instructional Systems Design (ISD) strategies for the development of tutorials, different analysis methods can be performed. In short, teaching is the systematic development of an educational program and almost a synonym for didactics. The information collected during the analysis phase is intended to explain how learning is achieved. The activities that guide the development and development of the project are defined by means of informative design models. [Sources: 3, 5, 8, 10]
The most commonly used model for the development of eLearning is the Instructional Systems Design (ISD) strategy, which provides a solid structure for the development of effective e-learning. The concept of systems analysis has become a popular concept after World War II and is probably one of the most widely used models for educational design worldwide. [Sources: 8, 14]
There are many different ISD models, but they are all based on a generic model known as ADDIE, which stands for Instructional Systems Analysis, Instruction, Design and Evaluation (SAT). Note that the military uses the term “addie” to describe both the ISD and the SAT components, and uses this term, even though ADDie is not an IS D model. [Sources: 1, 7]
Seels and Glasgow (1998) expanded the five basic steps of the ADDIE model to develop an ISD model for beginners in education. This model has been further developed and is now considered a leading system in the field of teaching system design and design evaluation. The models and systems are also featured in a number of other leading systems such as Instructional Systems Analysis, Instruction, Design and Assessment (ISAD) and the SAT. An “ISD” or “addie” can be defined as a process of creating a learning experience that develops and improves skills and knowledge. These are referred to differently as classes, procedures, etc., and in some cases as a set of rules or guidelines. [Sources: 1, 9, 11, 14]
Sources:
[0]: https://fka.com/need-isd-instructional-systems-design-support-informal-learning/
[1]: http://arcmit01.uncw.edu/ennism/DesignDomain.html
[2]: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detailfull/national/nedc/?cid=stelprdb1185740
[3]: https://www.trybugle.com/blog/what-is-instructional-design
[4]: https://www.jstor.org/stable/30219945
[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructional_design
[6]: https://www.quiddis.com/en/instructional-systems-design-models-elearning/
[7]: https://teacherrogers.wordpress.com/2013/04/16/synopsis-dod-handbook-on-instructional-systems-development/
[8]: https://www.shiftelearning.com/blog/top-instructional-design-models-explained
[9]: http://www2.whidbey.com/frodo/isd.htm
[10]: https://michaelhanley.ie/elearningcurve/discovering-instructional-design-3-systems-approach/
[11]: https://annalangheiter.com/en/instructional-design/
[12]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2464865/
[13]: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-does-instructional-systems-design-isd-process-work-karen-marsh
[14]: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/sat1.html